In vitro medical diagnostic device and system

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure relates to an in vitro medical diagnostic device that includes a removable calibration fluid cartridge. The device also includes a removable assay cartridge containing a polymer body with channels for fluid movement.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present Application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 61/567,585 titled “Diagnostic Device”and filed on Dec. 6, 2011, the complete disclosure of which isincorporated herein by reference. The present Application also claimsthe benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No.61/725,476, filed Nov. 12, 2012, the entirety of which is incorporatedherein by reference.

BACKGROUND

Electrochemical diagnostic devices are analytical tools combining achemical or biochemical recognition component (e.g., an enzyme orantibody) with a physical transducer such as a platinum electrode. Thechemical or biochemical recognition component can be used to selectivelyinteract with an analyte of interest and generate an electrical signalthrough the transducer. The selectivity of certain biochemicalrecognition components makes it possible to develop electrochemicalsensors which can accurately detect certain biological analytes inblood.

In vitro diagnostic testing has traditionally been performed at large,well-equipped testing centers. These conventional testing centers offerefficient and accurate testing of a high volume of fluid samples, butare not able to offer immediate results. A medical practitioner mustcollect fluid samples, the samples must be transported to a laboratory,then processed by the laboratory, and finally the results arecommunicated to the patient. Conventional in vitro diagnostic testingdoes not offer immediate results.

Also, conventional in vitro diagnostic testing requires trainedlaboratory technicians to perform the testing in order to ensure theaccuracy and reliability of the test. User errors by the person handlingthe sample can result in contamination of surfaces, spilled specimens,or damage to the diagnostic device resulting in extensive repair andmaintenance costs. Conventional in vitro diagnostic testing requires askilled technician to perform multiple stages of the testing process,and is still subject to user error.

SUMMARY

An embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a diagnostic system.The diagnostic system includes a removable assay cartridge comprisingfluid paths and a plurality of electrochemical sensors, a removablecalibration fluid cartridge, and a diagnostic device having a housingand processing electronics for conducting the diagnostics within thehousing. The housing further includes a first opening for receiving atleast a portion of the removable assay cartridge and a second openingfor receiving at least a portion of the removable calibration fluidcartridge. The processing electronics of the diagnostic device receivesignals from the electrochemical sensors and the removable assaycartridge and the removable calibration fluid cartridge engage for thecommunication of fluid so that there is no fluid communication from theremovable assay cartridge to any surface of the diagnostic device and nofluid communication from the removable calibration fluid cartridge toany surface of the diagnostic device.

In this embodiment, the diagnostic system may include one or more valvecontrol mechanisms. The valve control mechanism includes a cam plateconfigured to rotate, the cam plate under control of the processingelectronics and having one or more concentric grooves comprising one ormore raised portions. The valve control mechanism also includes one ormore valve actuators having one or more guides, the guides configured toalign with the concentric grooves, maintaining contact with the groovesas the cam plate rotates. The valve actuators are configured to actuateone or more valves when the guides encounter the raised portion of thecam plate, and the valves are configured to control at least the flow offluid in the removable assay cartridge.

Another embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a diagnosticdevice. The diagnostic device includes a housing having an assay portfor receiving a removable assay cartridge, a circuit receiving data fromat least one electrochemical sensor on the removable assay cartridgewhen the removable assay cartridge is fully installed in the assay port,processing electronics configured to receive the data from the circuitand to conduct diagnostics using the received data, and a valve controlmechanism under control of the processing electronics and configured tocontrol the flow of fluid in the removable assay cartridge withouttouching the fluid in the removable assay cartridge.

In this embodiment, the valve control mechanism may include a cam plateconfigured to rotate, the cam plate under control of the processingelectronics and having one or more concentric grooves comprising one ormore raised portions. The valve control mechanism may also include oneor more valve actuators having one or more guides, the guides configuredto align with the concentric grooves, maintaining contact with thegrooves as the cam plate rotates. The valve actuators may be configuredto actuate one or more valves when the guides encounter the raisedportion of the cam plate, and the valves may be configured to control atleast the flow of fluid in the removable assay cartridge.

Another embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a valve controlmechanism for a diagnostic device configured to receive a removableassay cartridge. The valve control mechanism includes an engagementdevice having a cycle with one or more predetermined points, theengagement device configured to engage one or more valve actuators atone or more predetermined points of the cycle, one or more valveactuators configured to actuate one or more valves when the valveactuators are engaged by the engagement device. The valves areconfigured to control at least the flow of fluid in the removable assaycartridge.

Another embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a calibrationfluid cartridge for a diagnostic device. The calibration fluid cartridgeincludes a chamber for holding unused calibration fluid, a flow channelconfigured to receive calibration fluid from the chamber and to providecalibration fluid to an output, and a pinch valve configured to controlthe flow of the calibration fluid through the fluid channel. In thisembodiment, the calibration fluid cartridge does not carry a mechanismcontrolling actuation of the pinch valve.

Another embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a calibrationfluid cartridge for a diagnostic device. The calibration fluid cartridgeincludes a chamber for holding unused calibration fluid, a flow channelconfigured to receive calibration fluid from the chamber and to providecalibration fluid to an output, a junction for receiving gas in the flowchannel, and a system of valves such that gas and calibration fluid cancontrollably flow to the output.

Another embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a disposableassay cartridge including a housing having at least a top end and abottom end. The top end includes an inlet, including an interface foraccepting a receptacle containing a sample fluid. The disposable assaycartridge further includes a sample fluid channel in fluid communicationwith the inlet for receiving sample fluid, the sample fluid channelbeing interrupted by a valve that controls a flow of sample fluid intoan interior fluid channel that is in fluid communication with (i) acalibration fluid channel, (ii) an array comprising a plurality ofelectrochemical sensors, and (iii) a waste area downstream of the arraycomprising a plurality of electrochemical sensors for accepting spentfluids, including used calibration fluid. In this embodiment, the bottomend includes a second inlet for introducing calibration fluid or airinto the calibration fluid channel and an outlet for communication withpressure or vacuum pump for aspiration of calibration fluid, air, orsample fluid.

Another embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a valve controlmechanism for a diagnostic device configured to receive a removableassay cartridge. The valve control mechanism includes a cam plateconfigured to rotate, the cam plate having one or more concentricgrooves comprising one or more raised portions, one or more valveactuators having one or more guides, the guides configured to align withthe concentric grooves, maintaining contact with the grooves as the camplate rotates. The valve actuators are configured to actuate one or morevalves when the guides encounter the raised portion of the cam plate,and the valves are configured to control at least the flow of fluid inthe removable assay cartridge.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The disclosure will become more fully understood from the followingdetailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanyingfigures, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements, inwhich:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an in vitro medical diagnostic deviceand attached assay cartridge, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the in vitro medical diagnostic deviceof FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a side view of the in vitro medical diagnostic device of FIG.1.

FIG. 4 is another side view of the in vitro medical diagnostic device ofFIG. 1.

FIG. 5 is another side view of the in vitro medical diagnostic device ofFIG. 1, this view illustrating an open door 14 and the placement of acalibration cartridge 30 within the medical diagnostic device, accordingto an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a back view of the in vitro medical diagnostic device of FIG.1.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an assay cartridge for insertion intothe medical diagnostic device, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a front view of the assay cartridge of FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 is a back view of the assay cartridge of FIG. 7.

FIG. 10A is a schematic view of a system provided by the diagnosticdevice, including a calibration cartridge, an assay cartridge, a fluidpath, and a pump, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 10B is a close up view of a point on the fluid path of the assaycartridge where the calibration fluid channel and the fluid samplechannel meet, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 10C is a close up view of the fluid path connection between theassay cartridge and the calibration cartridge, according to an exemplaryembodiment.

FIG. 11A is a schematic view of a calibration cartridge connected to anassay cartridge to form a fluid path for the flow of fluid actuated by apump, according to an alternative embodiment.

FIG. 11B is a close up view of the point on the fluid path of the assaycartridge where the calibration fluid channel and the fluid samplechannel meet, according to an alternative embodiment.

FIG. 11C is a close up view of the fluid path connection between theassay cartridge and the calibration cartridge, according to analternative embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a simplified back view of the assay cartridge of FIG. 7.

FIG. 13 is a linear representation of the fluid flow path through theassay cartridge of FIG. 7.

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional illustration of the fluid flow across anelectronic fluid sensor of the assay cartridge of FIG. 7, according toan exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 15 is a back view of an assay cartridge, according to analternative embodiment.

FIG. 16 is a back view of the assay cartridge of FIG. 15 with fluidfilling the cartridge, according to an alternative embodiment.

FIG. 17 is a linear representation of the fluid flow path through theassay cartridge of FIG. 15.

FIG. 18 is a cross-section view of a universal syringe interface,illustrating three different sized syringes, on an assay cartridge,according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 19 is a front view of an assay cartridge with a syringe loaded fromthe top, according to an alternative embodiment.

FIG. 20 is a front view of the assay cartridge of FIG. 19.

FIG. 21 is a back view of the assay cartridge of FIG. 1 with a capillarytube and capillary tube adapter coupled to the assay cartridge,according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 22 is a back view of the assay cartridge of FIG. 15 with acapillary tube and capillary tube adapter coupled to the assaycartridge.

FIG. 23 is a perspective view of an assay cartridge, including a valveactuator actuating a pinch valve on the assay cartridge, according to anexemplary embodiment.

FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional side view of the assay cartridge of FIG.23, including a valve actuator actuating a pinch valve on the assaycartridge, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional illustration of a pinch valve in the closedand open position, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 26 is a perspective view and a cross-sectional side view of a pinchvalve actuator actuating a pinch valve on an assay cartridge, accordingto an alternative embodiment.

FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional illustration of a pinch valve in the closedand open position, according to an alternative embodiment.

FIG. 28 is a perspective semi-transparent view of a calibrationcartridge, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 29 is a cross-sectional side view of the calibration cartridge ofFIG. 28, including a fluid pack, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 30 is a close up cross-sectional view of a rod valve of thecalibration cartridge of FIG. 28, including the rod valve in the openand closed position, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 31 is a cross-sectional illustration of the calibration cartridgeof FIG. 28, including a T connector, and a fluid path and an air pathfrom the calibration cartridge, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 32 is a perspective view of a calibration cartridge and two pinchvalve actuators, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 33 is a cross-sectional side view of the calibration cartridge ofFIG. 32, including a fluid pack, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 34 is a cross-sectional view of a calibration cartridge pinch valvein the open and closed positions, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 35 is a perspective and semi-transparent view of a calibrationcartridge, according to an alternative embodiment.

FIG. 36 is a cross-sectional view of the calibration cartridge of FIG.35, including a fluid pack and a T connector, according to analternative embodiment.

FIG. 37 is a perspective view of the calibration cartridge of FIG. 35and a cross-sectional view of the calibration cartridge showing a rodvalve in the closed position.

FIG. 38 is another perspective view of the calibration cartridge of FIG.35 and a cross-sectional view of the calibration cartridge showing a rodvalve in the open position.

FIG. 39 is another perspective view of the calibration cartridge of FIG.35, showing pinch valve actuators engaging the pinch valves of thecalibration cartridge to regulate fluid and/or gas flow, according to anexemplary embodiment.

FIG. 40 is a cross-sectional view of the calibration cartridge of FIG.39 including pinch valve actuators engaging the pinch valves of thecalibration cartridge.

FIG. 41 is a close up cross-sectional view of a calibration cartridgepinch valve in the open and closed position, according to an exemplaryembodiment.

FIG. 42 is a close up cross-section view of a fluid pathway for acalibration cartridge, including a thin film formed over two rubberspacers, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 43 is a close up cross-section view of the fluid pathway of FIG.42, including the T connector.

FIG. 44 is a diagram of a hardware organization for an in vitro medicaldiagnostic device, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 45 is a diagram of a software organization for an in vitro medicaldiagnostic device, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 46 is a perspective view of a motor assembly for controlling pinchvalve actuators and heating elements for a diagnostic device, accordingto an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 47 is a side view of a motor assembly for controlling pinch valveactuators for a diagnostic device, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 48 is another perspective view of a motor for controlling pinchvalve actuators for a diagnostic device, with the pinch valve actuatorfor an assay cartridge isolated in the illustration, according to anexemplary embodiment.

FIG. 49 is another perspective view of a motor for controlling pinchvalve actuators for a diagnostic device, with the pinch valve actuatorsfor a calibration cartridge isolated in the illustration, according toan exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 50 is an isolated perspective view of a motor for actuating a pinchvalve, including a pop up spring for ejecting the assay cartridge, and alocking rod for locking the assay cartridge within the diagnosticdevice, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 51 is another perspective view of a motor for controlling pinchvalve actuators for a diagnostic device, including the assay cartridge,calibration cartridge, syringe, and a portion of the diagnostic device,according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 52 is a perspective view of the motor embodiment of FIG. 47.

FIG. 53A is a side view of an L-shaped connector for providingcalibration fluid from the fluid pack to the calibration cartridge,according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 53B is a back view of the L-shaped connector of FIG. 53A.

FIG. 53C is a front view of the L-shaped connector of FIG. 53A.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Before turning to the figures, which illustrate the exemplaryembodiments in detail, it should be understood that the presentapplication is not limited to the details or methodology set forth inthe description or illustrated in the figures. It should also beunderstood that the terminology is for the purpose of description onlyand should not be regarded as limiting.

The present disclosure relates to an in vitro medical diagnostic device10 that includes a removable and saleable solution reservoir, orcalibration cartridge 30. The device also includes a removable assaycartridge 20. In an exemplary embodiment, the removable assay cartridge20 includes a polymer body with channels 32 for fluid movement, avalving system for changing or sealing fluid paths, a receiving port 34for receiving fluid samples 39, and a plurality of sensors 57. Thediagnostic device 10 can interpret the inputs from the sensors 57,conduct diagnostics using the inputs from the sensors 57, and outputinformation (e.g., via display, via printed report, etc.).

Referring to FIGS. 1-6, an in vitro medical diagnostic device of thepresent disclosure is shown, according to an exemplary embodiment. FIG.1 is a perspective view of the in vitro medical diagnostic device 10shown with the removable assay cartridge 20 fully inserted into thedevice 10. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the in vitro medicaldiagnostic device 10. FIG. 3 is a side view of the in vitro medicaldiagnostic device 10. FIG. 4 is another side view of the in vitromedical diagnostic device 10. FIG. 5 is another side view of the invitro medical diagnostic device 10 of FIG. 1, this view illustrating anopen door 14 and the placement of a calibration cartridge 30 within themedical diagnostic device, according to an exemplary embodiment. FIG. 6is a back view of the in vitro medical diagnostic device 10.

The in vitro medical diagnostic device 10 has a housing 27 that providesa shell for the device 10. The housing 27 may be plastic or any othermaterial suitable for the application. The in vitro diagnostic device 10is configured to receive an assay cartridge 20 (shown further in FIGS.7-9). The assay cartridge 20 is inserted into a testing slot 22. In theillustrated embodiment of FIG. 1, a syringe 25 holding a fluid sample 39(i.e. biological sample, drug sample, etc.) is used to dispense thefluid sample 39 into the cartridge 20. The device 10 is configured totest the fluid sample 39, and to report the results to a user via anoutput. In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 1, the device 10 is shownto include a display screen 18 for providing the output. However, inthis or other embodiments, the results may also or alternatively bereported to the user by other outputs, including audio outputs, datacommunication outputs, or a printout.

In exemplary embodiments, the assay cartridge 20 may be removed from thedevice 10 once the fluid sample 39 is tested. The device 10 may includean eject button 16, which the user may press to eject the cartridge 20from the testing slot 22 once the testing has completed. The device 10may also be configured to eject the cartridge 20 automatically when thetesting cycle has completed. In exemplary embodiments, the assaycartridge 20 is disposable (i.e. the cartridge 20 can be removed andreplaced). The assay cartridge 20 may be single-use (i.e. used once andreplaced with another cartridge 20) in some exemplary embodiments. Inother exemplary embodiments, the cartridge 20 may be re-cycled and usedto test more than one fluid sample 39. The diagnostic device 10 isintended to be portable, having a handle 26 for carrying the portabledevice 10 and being sized to fit on a tabletop.

In exemplary embodiments, the diagnostic results are reported on adisplay screen 18. Processing electronics of the device 10 can cause thedisplay 18 to display information relevant to the particularapplication. The display screen 18 may be a one-way screen configured todisplay output to a user, or may be a touch screen configured to receiveand respond to user touch input. In exemplary embodiments, thediagnostic device also includes a printer slot 12 configured to receivea paper output by a printer housed within the device 10.

The diagnostic device 10 may also include one or more heating elements116 (e.g. as shown in FIG. 47). In exemplary embodiments, the heatingelements 116 are one or more heating plates located within the testingslot 22 of the device 10. In the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 1-6,two heating elements 116 are configured such that there is a heatingelement 116 located on each side of the assay cartridge 20 when theassay cartridge 20 is inserted into the device 10. The heating elements116 are caused to control the heat of the fluid (e.g. fluid sample 39,calibration fluid, etc.) within a testing portion 42 of the assaycartridge 20, causing the fluid to maintain a substantially constanttemperature. In exemplary embodiments, the heating elements 116 arecontrolled to hold the fluid at a substantially constant temperature ofapproximately 37 degrees Celsius (approximately 98.6 degreesFahrenheit). The testing portion 42 may include a plurality of apertures(i.e. fluid reservoirs) positioned along one or more of the planarheating elements 116 (i.e. heating plates). The apertures are configuredto hold the fluid within the testing portion 42, so that the heatingelements 116 can control the temperature of the fluid.

According to the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 1-6, the in vitromedical diagnostic device 10 also includes a calibration cartridge door14. The calibration cartridge door 14 is shown to open away from thedevice 10. The calibration cartridge door 14 and the opening behind thedoor 14 are sized to receive a disposable calibration cartridge 30(shown in further detail in FIGS. 28-43). The calibration cartridge door14 is opened by a door latch 13 in the illustrated embodiments, but maybe opened by other mechanisms in other exemplary embodiments. The doorlatch 13 is located adjacent to the door 14. Behind the calibrationcartridge door 14 is a calibration cartridge port configured to receivethe calibration cartridge 30.

In exemplary embodiments, the device 10 includes a calibration door lock23 located next to the door 14. The calibration door lock 23 has alocked position and an unlocked position, and may be toggled between thetwo positions by a calibration door key. In some exemplary embodiments,the calibration door key is found in a calibration cartridge cover(described in further detail in the specification below). In otherembodiments, the calibration door key may be found in other locations onthe device 10, or may be a separate piece from the device 10 or thecalibration cartridge 30. The calibration door key may be removed fromthe cover or other location and is configured to lock or unlock thecalibration door lock 23. When the door lock 23 is in the lockedposition, the calibration cartridge door 14 is locked and will not open.The calibration door lock 23 is configured to prevent tampering with thecalibration cartridge 30. In yet other embodiments, the door lock 23 isengaged by default when the door is closed and must be opened via a passcode entered via user interface keys (e.g. soft keys on a display, hardkeys of a keypad, etc.).

The in vitro medical diagnostic device 10 may include one or more ports24 (shown in FIG. 3), in exemplary embodiments. These ports 24 areconfigured to receive cables or other connection mechanisms. The ports24 may be used to connect the device 10 to other pieces of equipment(e.g. via a communication network), or may be used to upload or downloadinformation to the device 10. The device 10 may also be configured toexchange data wirelessly, including through Wi-Fi, another wirelessinternet connection, or by any other wireless information exchange. Thedevice 10 also includes a power input 19, which may receive a powersupply connection that charges or provides power to the device 10. Thedevice 10 also includes a speaker 21, which may be used to transmit anoise or audible response to the user. The device 10 may also include ahandle 26, which can be used to carry the portable device 10. The handle26 rotates between two positions, depending on whether it is in use. Inthe illustrated embodiment of FIG. 6, the handle 26 is not in use, so itis rotated down and against the back surface of the device 10, out ofthe way of the user. In exemplary embodiments, the device 10 may alsoinclude support legs 11 configured to allow the device 10 to rest on atable top or other surface.

The device 10 may also include a light source (e.g. LED) located toilluminate the assay cartridge 20. The light source may be configured toilluminate the assay cartridge 20 to indicate testing status, or for anyother purpose suitable for the particular application. The light sourcemay be a fluorescent light, or may be any other type of light asnecessary or desirable for the particular application.

The device 10 also includes a bar code scanner 15 that is built into theside of the device 10, in exemplary embodiments. The bar code scanner 15is configured to scan bar codes on test assay cartridges 20, calibrationfluid packs 54, liquid quality control solutions, or any other itemshaving scannable bar codes and for use with the device 10. The bar codescanner 15 may also be used to scan a bar code tag representing patientor operator identification. In exemplary embodiments, the scanner 15emits a beam that covers the bar code. If the bar code is scannedsuccessfully, the device 10 will beep and the beam will turn offautomatically. If the bar code is not scanned successfully, the device10 will prompt the user through the display screen 18, by emitting anoise, or by some other output. In an exemplary embodiment, the bar codescanner 15 is a one-dimensional bar code scanner. In other embodiments,the bar code scanner 15 is a two-dimensional scanner.

Referring now to FIGS. 7-9, the assay cartridge 20 is shown, accordingto an exemplary embodiment. The assay cartridge 20 includes a cartridgebody 36. In exemplary embodiments, the cartridge body 36 is at leastpartially transparent. The cartridge body 36 may be made from a moldedplastic, or from another material, or set of material. The cartridgebody 36 provides protection for the cartridge 20. In the illustratedembodiment of FIGS. 7-9, at least one portion of the cartridge body 36is covered with a thin film for sealing a channel or other componentswithin the cartridge 20. The thin film may reduce the total thermal massto be heated by the device 10. The cartridge has a top end (as shown inFIG. 7) for receiving a syringe 25 having a biological sample, and abottom end that is inserted into the diagnostic device 10. The bottomend of the cartridge 20 is configured to insert into the testing slot 22of the diagnostic device 10.

The assay cartridge 20 includes a stop member 33, in exemplaryembodiments. The stop member 33 is located on the outside of thecartridge body 36 and is raised above the surrounding surface of thecartridge body 36. The stop member 33 is configured to lock the assaycartridge 20 into the device 10. One or more position detectors withinthe device 10 may be utilized to determine the position of the assaycartridge 20 (i.e. whether the cartridge is fully seated). A main board(shown in FIG. 44) having a processor may be configured to track aposition for the assay cartridge 20 using information from at least oneposition detector. Once the assay cartridge 20 has been fully insertedinto the testing slot 22, a locking rod 120 (shown in FIG. 50) mayactuate, protruding into a space adjacent (e.g. just above) to the stopmember 33, and between the stop member 33 and the opening of the testingslot 22. Once the locking rod 120 is in this position, the cartridge 20cannot be removed from the device 10 because the protruding surface ofthe stop member 33 is unable to clear the actuated locking rod 120. Inexemplary embodiments, the user may press the eject button 16 to retractthe locking rod 120, allowing the assay cartridge 20 to be removed fromthe testing slot 22. In other exemplary embodiments, a motor assembly100 (shown in FIGS. 46-52) may automatically retract the locking rod 120when the testing cycle has completed, allowing the assay cartridge 20 tobe removed from the testing slot 22 without the user needing to manuallyactivate an eject button 16. In other exemplary embodiments, the assaycartridge 20 is pushed up and out of the testing slot 22 by an automatedmechanism when the eject button 16 has been pressed, or when the motorassembly 100 has otherwise retracted the locking rod 120.

The bottom end of the assay cartridge 20 also includes positioning slots41 and 43 on each side of the cartridge 20. The positioning slots 41 and43 are configured to engage positioning rods. The positioning slots 41and 43 are intended to protect needles 56 (illustrated in FIG. 10) thatproject into the cartridge 20 to transmit fluid or air. The positioningslots 41 and 43, guide the cartridge 20 into its testing position,protecting the needles 56 from bending or damage when the cartridge 20is dislocated horizontally.

In exemplary embodiments, the assay cartridge 20 includes an inlet 34located on the top end of the cartridge 20. The inlet 34 houses aninterface 38 (e.g. needle) for connecting to a receptacle (e.g. syringe,capillary tube, etc.) containing a fluid sample 39. The assay cartridge20 also includes a C-shaped structure 37 that is located within theinlet 34. In exemplary embodiments, the C-shaped structure 37 is asleeve for the syringe 25, holding the tip of the syringe 25 within theinlet 34. The receptacle introduces the fluid sample 39 to the assaycartridge 20 for testing. The fluid sample 39 is received through theinterface 38, and enters a fluid channel 32 within the cartridge 20. Insome exemplary embodiments, the length of the interface 38 from the tipof the interface 38 to the end of the C-shaped structure 37 isapproximately 21.6 mm, but may be another length in other embodiments.

In exemplary embodiments, the fluid channel 32 is fluidly connected tothe testing portion 42 located on the bottom of the cartridge 20. Thefluid channel 32 is configured to route the sample 39 to the testingportion 42. The testing portion 42 includes an array comprising aplurality of electrochemical sensors 40 for testing the fluid sample 39.The electrochemical sensors 40 are configured to communicate withhardware (illustrated in FIG. 44) within the diagnostic device 10 toprovide diagnostic information to the user. The testing portion 42 isfluidly connected to a waste area 35 downstream of the fluid channel 32.In exemplary embodiments, the waste area 35 holds spent fluids, such asa calibration fluid.

The fluid channel 32 may have a larger or smaller diameter at certainpoints throughout the flow path (i.e. fluid channel 32, waste area 35,etc.). For instance, the fluid channel 32 may ramp up prior to or as itenters the testing portion 42, providing a smaller flow area ordiameter. The fluid channel may then open up in the testing portion 42,creating larger area or diameter channels over the sensors 40 forholding and testing the fluid sample 39. The fluid channel 32 may alsocontain these “ramped” areas (i.e. areas where the fluid channel changesdiameter) in portions of the waste area 35. These ramped areas withinthe waste area may be configured to keep a larger used volume of thecalibration fluid within the waste area, preventing the fluid sample 39from being contaminated. The ramped areas may also be present to slowdown fluid flow within an area of the fluid channel 32.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an assay cartridge for insertion intothe medical diagnostic device, according to an exemplary embodiment.FIG. 8 is a front view of the assay cartridge of FIG. 7. FIG. 9 is aback view of the assay cartridge of FIG. 7.

Referring now to FIGS. 10A-C, a schematic view of a system provided bythe diagnostic device 10 is shown according to an exemplary embodiment,including the assay cartridge 20 as inserted into the diagnostic device10, a fluid path, and a pump. According to the illustrated embodiment ofFIG. 10A, the assay cartridge 20 is fluidly connected to the calibrationcartridge 30 on a first side, and connected to a vacuum pump 50 on asecond side. In exemplary embodiments, the calibration cartridge 30 isconfigured to introduce gas or fluid into the assay cartridge 20 througha T connector 52 (shown in more detail in FIGS. 28-43). The T connector(i.e. air and gas junction) 52 may connect to the assay cartridge 20 bya needle 56 or another connection mechanism.

One or more pinch valves 46-48 control the sequence of gas or fluidflows from the calibration cartridge 30 to the assay cartridge 20. Inexemplary embodiments, two pinch valves 47 and 48 regulate theintroduction of calibration fluid and air into the assay cartridge 20,while one pinch valve 46 regulates the introduction of the fluid sample39 into the testing portion 42. In other embodiments, a different systemof pinch valves may regulate the flow of fluid in the cartridge 20.

FIG. 10A shows a fluid flow path through the assay cartridge 20. Inexemplary embodiments, the inlet 34 receives a syringe 25, or otherreceptacle such as a capillary tube, filled with the fluid sample 39(i.e. biological sample). The interface 38 of the inlet 34 enters thetip of the syringe 25 and protrudes into the fluid sample 39. Theinterface 38 is fluidly connected to the fluid sample 39 within thesyringe 25, and fluidly connects the fluid sample 39 to the fluidchannel 32.

FIG. 10B shows a linear pathway for the fluid sample 39 to flow throughthe fluid channel 32 and into the testing portion 42. The fluid flow isunidirectional, in exemplary embodiments. Fluid may flow from thesyringe 25 (or other receptacle) to the pinch valve 46 in the assaycartridge 20. From the pinch valve 46, the fluid flows in a singledirection. The pinch valve 46 is configured to open and close,controlling (e.g. allowing or preventing) the introduction of the fluidsample 39 into the testing portion 42. The fluid travels through thefluid channel 32, through the testing portion 42, and if necessary, intothe waste area 35.

Once the fluid channel 32 is filled, the pressure in the fluid channel32 dissipates and fluid is prevented from flowing out of the disposableassay cartridge 20. The volume of the fluid channel 32 may be known andaccordingly a complementary volume of fluid allowed into the channel 32may be controlled to prevent overflow of the cartridge 20. In exemplaryembodiments, the fluid (e.g. fluid sample 39, calibration fluid, etc.)used during a testing procedure is completely contained within the assaycartridge 20. As can be seen in the illustration of FIG. 10A, there isno fluid communication from the assay cartridge 20 to any surface of thediagnostic device 10 and no fluid communication from the calibrationcartridge 30 to any surface of the diagnostic device 10. The assaycartridge 20 is removable and disposable. Accordingly, there is nofluidic circuitry inside the diagnostic device 10, which may reduce thepotential risks and cleaning requirements associated with fluidiccircuitry. The self-contained assay cartridge 20 is intended to preventrepairs or maintenance due to fluid leaking and corroding sensitiveelectronics in the device 10, potentially reducing the maintenance costsassociated with the device 10. The fluid sample 39 (or other fluid)travels through the cartridge 20 uni-directionally, is completelycontained within the cartridge 20 (during and even after testing), anddoes not enter any other part of the device 10.

In exemplary embodiments, the vacuum pump 50 is also fluidly connectedto the fluid channel 32. The vacuum pump 50 may be powered on and offand controllably operated by the diagnostic device 10. When the vacuumpump 50 is powered on, it may create a controlled negative pressure inthe assay cartridge 20, driving the fluid sample 39 to flow from thesyringe 25 and into the fluid channel 32. A pinch valve 46 may be usedto open or close the fluid channel 32, allowing the fluid sample 39 totravel into the testing portion 42. Pinch valves 48 and 47 are also usedto control the introduction of atmospheric air and calibration fluid,respectively, from the calibration cartridge 30 to the assay cartridge20. The pinch valves 46-48 may be controlled by control hardware(illustrated in FIG. 44) within the device 10, and opened or closed insequence to complete the testing cycle.

By controllably powering the vacuum pump 50 on or off, and opening orclosing the pinch valves 46-48, the calibration fluid, atmospheric air(or another gas), and fluid sample 39 may enter the assay cartridge 20in a designated sequence. In exemplary embodiments, the calibrationfluid enters the assay cartridge 20 first. The pinch valve 47 iscontrollably opened, and the pinch valves 46 and 48 are controllablyclosed. Calibration fluid is then pumped from the calibration cartridge30 to the assay cartridge 20, and into the testing portion 42. Thecalibration fluid is held in the testing portion 42 for a predeterminedamount of time, heated to a predetermined temperature, and used tocalibrate the device 10. Once the device 10 has been calibrated, thepinch valve 48 is controllably opened and the pinch valves 46 and 47 arecontrollably closed. Air is then pumped from the calibration cartridge30 into the testing portion 42. The air pushes the calibration fluidinto the waste area 35, clearing the testing portion 42. Once thecalibration fluid has been cleared from the testing portion 42, thepinch valve 46 is controllably opened, and the pinch valves 47 and 48are controllably closed. The fluid sample 39 is then pumped into thetesting portion 42, where the sample 39 is heated and tested. Once thefluid sample 39 has been tested by the device 10, the testing cycle iscomplete and the assay cartridge 20 may be ejected.

In some exemplary embodiments, the pinch valves 46-48 may be integratedpinch valves, having a thin film that is elastically biased out and canbe closed by applying pressure in toward the cartridge 20 or 30. Inthese embodiments, the pinch valves 46-48 include flexible film areas 76(shown in FIG. 25). The pinch valves 46-48 may be constructed at leastin part with polyethylene terephthalate. A pinch valve actuator 78 (e.g.movable lever) may be applied to the pinch valves 46-48 to open or closethe pinch valves 46-48. The pinch valve actuator 78 may open or closethe valves 46-48 by applying or removing pressure. The pinch valves46-48 may close under pressure and open in the absence of pressure. Oncethe pinch valve 46 is open, the fluid sample 39 can travel from thesyringe 25 or other receptacle, through the fluid channel 32, and to thetesting portion 42.

Referring now to FIG. 10C, the connection (i.e. gas inlet or outlet)between the assay cartridge 20 and the calibration cartridge 30 isrepresented. In exemplary embodiments, the connection between the assaycartridge 20 and the calibration cartridge 30 includes a rubber seal 53,which forms a fluid seal at the needle 56. In these embodiments, therubber seal 53 is attached to the T connector 52, and is configured toensure a sealed connection for the fluid flow path between the assaycartridge 20 and the calibration cartridge 30. In exemplary embodiments,the rubber seal 53 is pierced to establish fluid communication betweenthe calibration fluid channel 88 and the assay cartridge 20. The rubberseal 53 may be made from a septum comprising silicone, or any othermaterial suitable for the application.

The fluid connection between the assay cartridge 20 and the vacuum pump50 is similar to the connection shown in FIG. 10C. The connectionbetween the assay cartridge 20 and the vacuum pump 50 includes a rubberseal 53 forming a fluid seal at the needle 56. The rubber seal 53 isattached to the vacuum pump 50 (i.e. forming a pumping system), and isconfigured to provide a fluid flow path between the assay cartridge 20and the vacuum pump 50. The fluid flow path may be fluidly sealed. Inexemplary embodiments, the assay cartridge 20 is also tapered at bothconnections in order to receive the needles 56, and is configured toestablish a fluid seal. The rubber seal 53 may be made from a septumcomprising silicone, or any other material suitable for the application.

Referring briefly to FIGS. 11A-C, a schematic representation of acalibration cartridge 30 connected to an alternative assay cartridge 60is shown, according to an alternative embodiment. The connection forms afluid path for the fluid flow actuated by the pump 50. The alternativeassay cartridge 60 is shown more particularly in FIGS. 15-17, anddescribed later within this specification.

Referring now to FIG. 12, a simplified back view of the assay cartridge20 is shown, according to an exemplary embodiment. The assay cartridge20 is configured to receive the fluid sample 39 through the interface38. The fluid sample 39 is routed through the fluid channel 32, and thento the testing portion 42. The testing portion 42 includes a pluralityof sensors 57, including electronic sensors 571 and 572. In theillustrated embodiment of FIG. 12, the electronic sensors 571 and 572are configured to control the volume of fluid introduced into the assaycartridge 20. In exemplary embodiments, the assay cartridge 20 includesan overflow prevention sensor 573 positioned within the waste area 35.The overflow prevention sensor 573 is configured to send one or moresignals to processing electronics when fluid reaches the overflowprevention sensor 573. The processing electronics are configured to stopthe flow of fluid into the assay cartridge 20 one or more signals arereceived from the sensor 573.

Referring now to FIGS. 13-14, the function of the electronic fluidsensors 57 is shown. FIG. 13 shows a linear representation of the fluidflow path through the assay cartridge 20. The fluid flows through thefluid channel 32 and over the multiple sensors 57. The sensors 57 arelocated within the testing portion 42 and are configured to facilitatethe accurate dispensing of predetermined volumes of fluid into the fluidchannel 32. The electronic fluid sensors 57 include conductance poles 59that are configured to detect high or low impedance (i.e. whether fluidis flowing over the sensor). Prior to the flow of fluid through thefluid channel 32, the two poles 59 of a first electronic sensor 571 arein a high impedance “off” state (see fluid state A of FIG. 14). As fluidflows over the electronic sensor 571, the impedance remains high untilthe space between the two poles 59 is filled with fluid and fluid coversboth poles 59 of the first sensor 571. At that point, the sensor 571 isin a low impedance “on” state (see fluid state B of FIG. 14). In theillustrated embodiment of FIG. 12, the assay cartridge 20 includes asecond electronic sensor 572 that is similar in function to the firstelectronic sensor 571. In other exemplary embodiments, the assaycartridge 20 may include any number of electronic sensors 57, as isnecessary for the particular application.

In exemplary embodiments, the diagnostic device 10 includes a main board(shown in FIG. 44). The main board is part of a processing circuit (i.e.processing electronics), having a processor and memory. The main boardreceives one or more signals from the sensors 57, and is configured toturn the vacuum pump 50 on or off depending on the signals received fromthe electronic sensors 57. In the illustrated embodiment of FIG. 12, theelectronic sensors 571 and 572 are configured to control the volume offluid introduced into the assay cartridge 20. For instance, once thesensor 571 is in the “on” state, the main board may send a signal toturn off the vacuum pump 50, eliminating the negative pressure in thefluid channel 32 and stopping the fluid from flowing. The assaycartridge 20 may include any number of electronic sensors 57 configuredto control the volume of fluid within the cartridge 20. The sensors 57may be positioned at different points on the fluid flow path (e.g.within the testing portion 42, within the waste area 35, etc.),controlling the volume of fluid within the cartridge 20 according towhat is suitable for the particular application.

Referring still to FIGS. 13-14, the assay cartridge 20 may also includean overflow prevention sensor 573, in exemplary embodiments. Theoverflow prevention sensor 573 has two poles 59 that are configured todetect high or low impedance. When the overflow prevention sensor 573detects low impedance between its two poles 59, the main board may senda signal to the vacuum pump 50 (or to a controllable syringe 25, in analternative embodiment) to immediately stop fluid flow to the channel32. In exemplary embodiments, the overflow prevention sensor 573operates as an emergency stop, intended to be used only when there is afailure somewhere in the system. In these exemplary embodiments, sensors571 and 572 are configured to help control the volume of fluidintroduced into the cartridge 20. The sensors 571 and 572 may beconfigured to communicate with the main board when fluid reaches thesensors 571 and 572. The main board may then send a signal to turn offthe vacuum pump, eliminating the negative pressure in the fluid channel32 and stopping the fluid from flowing. The overflow prevention sensor573 serves as a safety to stop the fluid flow and to prevent thecartridge 20 from overflowing. In other exemplary embodiments, theoverflow prevention sensor 573 may provide a signal to the main board,stopping the calibration fluid from flowing out of the cartridge 20.Before the fluid sample 39 is sent into the testing portion 42 fortesting, the calibration fluid is pushed into the waste area 35. Theoverflow prevention sensor 573 may help prevent the calibration fluidfrom flowing further than a predetermined point within the waste area 35by providing a signal to the main board. In response to the signal fromthe overflow prevention sensor 573, the main board can send a signal toturn off the vacuum pump 50, eliminating the negative pressure in thecartridge 20 and stopping the fluid from flowing to the cartridge 20.Therefore, the overflow prevention sensor 573 is intended to ensure thatno fluid sample 39 or other fluid can leak into the rest of the device10. In other embodiments, the main board may send a signal to reversethe flow of the vacuum pump 50, pushing fluid back through the channel32 and preventing fluid from overflowing the cartridge 20. The assaycartridge 20 may include any number of electronic sensors 57 configuredto supply signals to the main board in order to prevent fluid overflow.For example, the assay cartridge 20 may include multiple overflowprevention sensors 573 staggered throughout the waste area 35, eachsensor 573 configured to stop fluid flow when fluid reaches the sensor573.

FIGS. 15-16 illustrate the alternative cartridge 60. In FIGS. 15-16, theplacement of the electronic sensors 57 a are shown, according to analternative embodiment. In the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 15-16,the assay cartridge 20 includes four electronic sensors 571 a, 572 a,573 a, and 574 a. The electronic sensors 571 a, 572 a, and 573 a areconfigured to allow a predetermined amount of fluid to enter the fluidchannel 32 a of the assay cartridge 60. FIG. 15 illustrates the assaycartridge 60 as fluid reaches the first electronic sensor 571 a, whileFIG. 16 illustrates the cartridge 60 as fluid reaches the overflowprevention sensor 573 a. FIG. 17 shows a linear pathway where the fluidsample 39 can flow through the fluid channel 32 a and over the sensors57 a, according to the alternative embodiment of FIGS. 15-16.

Referring now to FIG. 18, the receiver 34 of the assay cartridge 20 hasa universal design, such that it is configured to receive more than onesize receptacle (i.e. syringe 25). For example, the receiver 34 mayreceive a 1 ml, 3 ml, or a 5 ml syringe 25. However, in other exemplaryembodiments, the receiver 34 may be sized differently or otherwiseconfigured to receive any other size syringe 25. The syringe 25 may beinserted into the receiver 34. Once inside the receiver 34, the tip ofthe syringe 25 is fit into a C-shape structure 37, connecting with theinterface 38. The fluid sample 39 is then aspirated into the interface38. In exemplary embodiments, air flows through the C-shape structure 37and into the area between the tip of the syringe 25 and the interface38, replacing the sample 39 that is aspirated into the fluid channel 32.The receiver 34 may also be configured to receive a capillary tube(shown more particularly in FIG. 21). In exemplary embodiments, theinterface 38 is adapted to mate with the receptacle (i.e. syringe 25,capillary tube, etc.) either directly or through an adapter.

Referring to FIGS. 19-20, an alternative syringe configuration is shown,according to an exemplary embodiment. FIG. 19 is a front view of anassay cartridge 90 with a syringe 25 loaded from the top, according toan alternative embodiment. FIG. 20 is a front view of the assaycartridge 90 of FIG. 19. The alternative assay cartridge 90 includes areceiver 34 b with an opening on the top of the cartridge 90. In thisembodiment, the syringe 25 is introduced vertically, and connected to aslide 62. The cartridge 90 has a needle 66 attached to the end of thefluid channel 32 b, which engages the end of the syringe 25. Thecartridge 90 also includes a rubber seal ring 64 that seals theconnection between the syringe 25 and the needle 66. In exemplaryembodiments, the slide 62 moves vertically relative to the rest of thecartridge 90 when pressure is applied to the syringe 25 (shown in FIG.20), and the needle 66 protrudes into the fluid sample 39. When thevacuum pump 50 is powered on, the fluid sample 39 from the syringe 25flows into the fluid channel 32 b.

Referring now to FIGS. 21-22, a capillary tube is shown connected to theassay cartridge, according to exemplary embodiments. FIG. 21 is a backview of the assay cartridge 20 with the capillary tube 74 and capillarytube adapter 72 coupled to the assay cartridge 20, according to anexemplary embodiment. FIG. 22 is a back view of the assay cartridge 60with the capillary tube 74 and capillary tube adapter 72 coupled to theassay cartridge 20, according to an exemplary embodiment. In theseembodiments, a rubber or silicone capillary tube adapter 72 may beplaced in the receiver 34 or 34 a so that a small sample volume can bedelivered with a capillary tube 74. One end of the capillary tubeadapter 72 is connected with the capillary tube 74, and the other end isconnected to the needle 56 or 56 a in order to form a fluid path. Thevacuum pump 50 may be powered on, producing a negative pressure in theassay cartridge 20 or 60, and forcing the fluid sample 39 to flowthrough the needle 56 and into the fluid channel 32 or 32 a. Capillarytubes 74 may be used to test low volume fluid samples or used in otherapplications where capillary tubes 74 are used. The end wall of theinlet 34 has one or more holes configured to allow air to discharge whenthe capillary tube adapter 72 is plugged by the capillary tube 74 (i.e.does not allow fluid to pass).

Referring now to FIGS. 23-25, a pinch valve 46 and related pinch valveactuator 78 for controlling the movement of the fluid sample 39 (i.e.valve control mechanism) within an assay cartridge 20 is shown,according to an exemplary embodiment. The assay cartridge 20 includes apinch valve 46 that opens and closes, controlling the movement of thefluid sample 39 into the fluid channel 32. A pinch valve actuator 78within the device 10 may manipulate the pinch valve 46, pressing againstthe valve 46 and causing the valve 46 to controllably open or close.FIG. 24 illustrates how the pinch valve actuator 78 contacts the valve46 in exemplary embodiments, closing the valve 46 by pushing against it,and opening the valve 46 by pulling away from the cartridge 20 and thevalve 46. When the pinch valve 46 is closed, as in FIG. 25A, the fluidsample 39 is prevented from reaching the fluid channel 32 for testing.However, when the pinch valve 46 is open, as in FIG. 25B, the fluidsample 39 is allowed to enter the testing portion 42. In exemplaryembodiments, the fluid sample 39 is pulled into the fluid channel 32 bynegative pressure created by the vacuum pump 50.

FIG. 23 is a perspective view of the assay cartridge 20, including thevalve actuator 78 engaging the pinch valve 46 on the assay cartridge 20,according to an exemplary embodiment. FIG. 24 is a cross-sectional sideview of the assay cartridge 20 of FIG. 23, including the valve actuator78 actuating the pinch valve 46 on the assay cartridge 20, according toan exemplary embodiment. FIG. 25 is a cross-sectional illustration ofthe pinch valve 46 in the closed and open position, according to anexemplary embodiment. FIGS. 26-27 illustrate the interaction between thepinch valve actuator 78 and the pinch valve 46, according to analternative embodiment.

FIG. 28 is a perspective semi-transparent view of the calibrationcartridge 30, according to an exemplary embodiment. FIG. 29 is across-sectional side view of the calibration cartridge 30 of FIG. 28,including a fluid pack 54, according to an exemplary embodiment. FIG. 30is a close up cross-sectional view of a rod valve 83 of the calibrationcartridge 30 of FIG. 28, including the rod valve 83 in the open andclosed position, according to an exemplary embodiment. FIG. 31 is across-sectional illustration of the calibration cartridge 30 of FIG. 28,including a T connector 52, and a fluid path and an air path from thecalibration cartridge 30, according to an exemplary embodiment.

Referring now to FIGS. 28-31 in more detail, a calibration cartridge isshown, according to an exemplary embodiment. The calibration cartridge30 is disposable and removable. The calibration cartridge 30 includes ahousing 82 that is intended to protect a fluid pack 54. The housing 82is made of plastic, in exemplary embodiments, but may be made of anothermaterial or set of materials. The calibration cartridge 30 may alsoinclude a calibration cartridge cover (not shown). The cover isconnected to a front portion (according to FIG. 28) of the cartridge 30,in exemplary embodiments. The calibration cartridge cover is intended toprotect the calibration cartridge 30 when the cartridge 30 is not in use(i.e. not inserted into the diagnostic device 10).

The fluid pack 54, or chamber, is fluidly connected to the T connector52. The fluid pack 54 may be a soft, flexible fluid pouch filled withunused calibration fluid. The T connector 52 includes a fluid flowchannel 84, or pipe. The fluid flow channel 84 is configured to receivecalibration fluid from the fluid pack 54, and to provide calibrationfluid to a fluid channel 88 connecting to the assay cartridge 20. Inexemplary embodiments and when the calibration cartridge 30 is fluidlyconnected to the assay cartridge 20, the height of the fluid flowchannel 84 is higher than the height of the pinch valve 46. The Tconnector 52 also includes an air flow channel 86 that connects the Tconnector 52 to atmospheric air (i.e. ambient air), enabling the Tconnector 52 to send the air to the assay cartridge 20 as necessary. Thefluid flow channel 84 and the air flow channel 86 meet at the Tconnector 52, forming a junction. In exemplary embodiments, a thecalibration cartridge 30 includes a cap to close both the air and fluidports during transport and storage. The calibration cartridge 30 mayalso include an L-shaped connector 122 (shown further in FIGS. 53A-C),in exemplary embodiments. The L-shaped connector 122 is configured tofluidly connect the fluid pack 54 to the T connector 52, thus providinga fluid connection to the assay cartridge 20. The L-shaped connector 122is described in further detail below.

In exemplary embodiments, the calibration fluid flows through the Tconnector 52 to the needle 56 of the calibration cartridge 30. In theseembodiments, the needle 56 is inserted into the assay cartridge 20 andis configured to supply the assay cartridge 20 with calibration fluid. Arubber insert 61 provides a seal around the connection between theneedle 56 and the assay cartridge 20, in exemplary embodiments. The flowof calibration fluid and atmospheric air is controlled by pinch valves47 and 48, respectively. The pinch valve 47 is located at the fluid flowchannel 84, and the pinch valve 48 is located at the air flow channel86. The pinch valves 47 and 48 are configured to open and close,regulating the introduction of fluids and gases (e.g. atmospheric air,calibration fluid, etc.) to the assay cartridge 20. In exemplaryembodiments, when the vacuum pump 50 is controllably powered, fluid orgas flows through channel 84 or 86, travels through the needle 56, andenters the assay cartridge 20. In some exemplary embodiments, the fluidchannel 88 provides a mixture of fluid and gas into the assay cartridge20. In other exemplary embodiments, the fluid channel 88 provides eithera fluid or a gas to the assay cartridge 20. The calibration cartridge 30may introduce an air bubble to displace at least a portion of anycalibration fluid previously introduced into the calibration fluidchannel 88.

Referring still to FIG. 30, a rod valve of the calibration cartridge isshown, according to an exemplary embodiment. The calibration cartridgeincludes a rod valve 83, which moves between an open and closedposition. During production, transport, and storage, the rod valve 83may remain in the closed position, as in FIG. 30A. When in the closedposition, the rod valve 83 is caused to press tightly against the fluidflow channel 84 (e.g. via a spring bias), sealing the calibration fluidin the fluid pack 54 from flowing to the needle 56 prior to engagementwith the assay cartridge 20. In FIG. 30B, the rod valve 83 is in theopen position. The rod valve 83 is in the open position after thecalibration cartridge 30 has been installed to the diagnostic device 10.Calibration fluid may then be drawn into the assay cartridge 20. Whenthe fluid pack 54 is engaged with the assay cartridge 20, the rod valve83 is removed and in the open position, but the calibration fluid doesnot flow because the pinch valve 47 maintains a seal by pinching the Tconnector 52.

Referring now to FIGS. 32-34, the pinch valves 47 and 48 are aligned tothe calibration fluid flow channel 84 and the air flow channel 86,respectively. The pinch valve actuators 78 are configured to push upagainst the pinch valves 47 and 48 on the calibration cartridge 30,closing the pinch valves 47 and 48 to prevent fluid or air from leavingthe T connector 52. FIG. 33 shows the location of the pinch valves 47and 48 on the calibration cartridge 30. The pinch valves 48 and 47 arealigned to pinch the fluid pathways for air and calibration fluid,respectively, in exemplary embodiments. FIGS. 34A-B show a cross-sectionof the pinch valves 47 and 48 in the closed position (FIG. 34A), and inthe open position (FIG. 34B). FIG. 32 is a perspective view of thecalibration cartridge 30 and two pinch valve actuators 78, according toan exemplary embodiment. FIG. 33 is a cross-sectional side view of thecalibration cartridge 30, including a fluid pack 54. FIG. 34 is across-section view of a calibration cartridge pinch valve 47 or 48 inthe open and closed positions, according to an exemplary embodiment.

FIG. 35 is a perspective and semi-transparent view of a calibrationcartridge 80, according to an alternative embodiment. FIG. 36 is across-sectional view of the alternative calibration cartridge 80,including a fluid pack 54 a and the T connector 52. FIG. 37 is aperspective view of the alternative calibration cartridge 80 and across-sectional view of the alternative calibration cartridge 80 showingthe rod valve 83 a in the closed position. FIG. 38 is anotherperspective view of the alternative calibration cartridge 80 and across-sectional view of the alternative calibration cartridge 80 showingthe rod valve 83 a in the open position.

Referring now to FIGS. 35-36, the alternative calibration cartridge 80is shown. The alternative calibration cartridge 80 has a alternative rodvalve 83 a, which is shown more particularly in FIGS. 37-38. In theillustrated embodiment of FIG. 37, the rod valve 83 a presses tightlyagainst the channel 84 a, preventing the fluid from flowing out of thechannel 84 a, and sealing the calibration fluid from flowing to thefluid output (i.e. the needle 56 a). In order to allow calibration fluidflow, the rod valve 83 a is caused to disengage. Once the calibrationcartridge 80 is inserted into the device 10, for instance, the rod valve83 a is released so that the pressure is relieved and the flow is notrestricted, allowing calibration fluid to flow out of the channel 84 a.In FIG. 38, the rod valve 83 a has been released, opening the channel 84a for calibration fluid to flow through. Once the calibration cartridge30 has been removed from the device 10, the rod valve 83 a is caused toreturn to the closed position (e.g. via a spring bias) to keep theremaining calibration fluid within the cartridge 80.

Referring now to FIGS. 39-41, the calibration cartridge 80 is shownaccording to an alternative embodiment. In FIGS. 39-41, pinch valveactuators 78 a are shown as aligned with the pinch valves 47 a and 48 a.The pinch valve actuators 78 a are configured to cause the pinch valves47 a and 48 a to close by pinching respective portions of the fluidpathways 85 a. The pinch valves 48 a and 47 a may include a flexiblefilm area which may elastically press in toward the cartridge 80,closing the pinch valves 48 a and 47 a and restricting the flow of fluidand/or air. The pinch valves 48 a and 47 a are closed by pinch valveactuators 78 a, in exemplary embodiments. FIG. 39 is another perspectiveview of the alternative calibration cartridge 80, showing pinch valveactuators 78 a engaging the pinch valves 48 a and 47 a of thecalibration cartridge 80 to regulate fluid and/or gas flow. FIG. 40 is across sectional view of the calibration cartridge 80, including pinchvalves actuators engaging the pinch valves 48 a and 47 a of thecalibration cartridge 80. The pinch valves 48 a and 47 a include rubberspacers 96 configured to create a fluid pathway 85 a. FIG. 41 is a closeup cross-sectional view of the pinch valve 47 a for the fluid path inthe open and closed positions, and a cross section view of the Tconnector 52 forming a fluid pathway with the rubber spacers 96.

FIG. 39 is another perspective view of the calibration cartridge 80,showing pinch valve actuators 78 a engaging the pinch valves 48 a and 47a of the calibration cartridge 80 to regulate fluid and/or gas flow,according to an exemplary embodiment. FIG. 40 is a cross-sectional viewof the calibration cartridge 80, including pinch valve actuators 78 aengaging the pinch valves 48 a and 47 a of the calibration cartridge 80.FIGS. 41A-B are close up cross-sectional views of a calibrationcartridge pinch valve 48 a or 47 a in the closed and open positions,respectively, according to an exemplary embodiment.

Referring now to FIGS. 42-43, an alternative embodiment of the Tconnector 52 is shown. FIG. 42 is a close up cross-section view of afluid pathway for the calibration cartridge 30, including a thin filmformed over two rubber spacers 96, according to an exemplary embodiment.FIG. 43 is a close up cross-section view of a fluid pathway formed witha thin film 95 over an inserted tube. In this embodiment, the Tconnector 52 includes tubes 94 (shown in FIG. 43B) that are insertedbetween a thin film 95. FIG. 42B shows a cross-section of the Tconnector 52. Two rubber spacers 96 are sealed by the thin film 95,creating an air channel 97 within the T connector 52. In exemplaryembodiments, the air channel 97 is made from dispensed silicon, but maybe made from any other materials suitable for the application in otherexemplary embodiments. The pinch valve may press tightly against thechannel 97 in exemplary embodiments, regulating the opening and closingof the channel 97.

In the illustrated embodiment of FIGS. 42-43, the rubber spacers 96 aremade from silicone and the thin film 95 is made of aluminum-plastic.However, in other exemplary embodiments, the rubber spacers 96 may bemade of any other type of polymer or other suitable material, and thethin film 95 may be made of any material suitable for the particularapplication. The thin film 95 may be sealed over the rubber spacers 96by “hot pressing,” (a metallurgy process achieved by simultaneousapplication of heat and pressure) or by any other means suitable forsealing the air channel 97. In exemplary embodiments, the rubber spacers96 have a concave dent configured to guide the needle 56 to pierce thethin film 95 rather than punch through the spacers 96.

Referring now to FIG. 44, a hardware organization diagram is shown foran in vitro medical diagnostic device 10, according to an exemplaryembodiment. In exemplary embodiments, the ADC and DAC communicate with aplurality of electrochemical sensors 40 and with any other input oroutput devices, such as position sensors or heating elements 116. Theelectrochemical sensors 40 are located in the testing portion 42 of theassay cartridge 20. The sensors 40 are used by the processingelectronics of the diagnostic device to interpret the chemicalcomposition of the fluid within the testing portion 42. The ADC isconfigured to process analog signals from the electrochemical sensors40. Once the ADC processes the output from the sensors 40, it maytransmit the data to the analog control board. While the analog controlboard is named “analog control board” here and in the figures, it shouldbe appreciated that the analog control board may include digitalprocessing. The analog control board may utilize a DAC to convertdigital outputs (on/off modulated signals) to analog signals (e.g., forthe electrochemical sensors). For example, the DAC is used to controlthe applied potential for amperometric sensors.

Referring still to FIG. 44, each board shown (i.e., the connect board,the analog control board, the power control board, and the main board,etc.) may be implemented as a separate printed circuit board (PCB),integrated on the same PCB, or a combination of otherwise integrated anddistributed. Each board may be considered processing electronics or aprocessing circuit. The processing electronics may include discretecomponents and/or integrated circuits. The power control board, forexample, may include all discrete electronics components. Each board mayinclude one or more processors. The processors may be variouslyimplemented as general purpose processors, one or more applicationspecific integrated circuit (ASIC), one or more field programmable gatearrays (FPGAs), a group of processing components, or other suitableelectronic processing components. Each board may also include one ormore memory devices. The memory of each board may be one or more devices(e.g., RAM, ROM, Flash memory, hard disk storage, etc.) for storing dataand/or computer code for completing and/or facilitating the variousprocesses described herein. The memory may be or include non-transientvolatile memory and/or non-volatile memory. The memory may includedatabase components, object code components, script components, or anyother type of information structure for supporting the variousactivities and information structures described herein. The memory maybe communicably connected to the processor and includes computer codemodules for executing one or more processes described herein.

Referring still to FIG. 44, the analog control board can be coupled tomore than one stepper motors. While one stepper motor is shown ascoupled to the pump, another stepper motor may be coupled to a motor fora motor assembly 100 having a cam plate 102 (e.g., shown in FIGS.46-52). The motor assembly 100 may be configured to control one or morevalves 46-48, regulating the introduction of fluid into the assaycartridge 20. The motor assembly 100 is shown and further in FIGS. 46-52and described further below. In yet other embodiments, the analogcontrol board may be coupled to solenoids for control thereof. The mainboard may include a general purpose processor and memory. The memory ofthe main board may include a Linux environment or another operatingsystem. The main board may variously trigger routines and other softwareexisting on the analog control board. It should be noted that the analogcontrol board may include its own operating system and software modulesfor conducting its activities as described herein.

The main board and the sub-boards may operate in concert as illustratedin FIG. 45. A data software manager may exist with the operatingenvironment of the connect board. In other embodiments, the data managermay exist across the main board and the connect board. The analogcontrol board may receive commands and function calls from the mainboard. The power control board may also receive commands and functioncalls from the main board. It should be noted that the power controlboard can control a variety of input and output activities beyond merepower supply management to the devices. For example, communications maybe managed. The UART scanner may be a barcode scanner (e.g., 1D, 2D,etc.) as described herein. Data may be received at the main board fromany of the sub-boards.

Referring now to FIG. 46, a perspective view of a motor assembly 100 forcontrolling pinch valve actuators 78 is shown, according to an exemplaryembodiment. The motor assembly 100 includes a cam plate 102. Inexemplary embodiments, four plungers 108 and 106 (i.e. pinch valveactuators 78) are aligned with one or more pinch valves 46-48 or othervalves. The plungers 108 and 106 are adjacent to and configured toreceive the cam plate 102, resting on concentric circles 104 on the camplate 102. Three plungers 108 are aligned with pinch valves 46-48 andare configured to open and close the pinch valves 46-48, depending onthe stage of the device 10 in the testing sequence. The plungers 108 arepressed against the pinch valves 46-48, causing them to remain closeduntil the plungers 108 are actuated. A fourth plunger 106 is alignedwith the pogo pins 114 (shown in FIG. 47) and heating elements 116 (i.e.heating plates or heating pads, shown in FIG. 47). The fourth plunger106 is configured to cause the heating elements 116 to close over thetesting portion 42 when the plunger 106 is actuated, heating the fluid(e.g. fluid sample 39) within the testing portion 42. The heatingelements 116 are intended to cause a substantially constant temperaturegradient to exist between two or more heating elements 116 on each sideof the assay cartridge 20. The fourth plunger 106 is also configured toactuate the pogo pins 114, locking the assay cartridge 20 into a testingposition.

The cam plate 102 is configured to rotate. As the cam plate 102 rotates,the plungers 108 and 106 “ride” along the concentric circles 104 of thecam plate 102 (i.e. make contact with the cam plate 102 as it rotates,rising and falling with the contours of the plate 102). Each of theconcentric circles 104 has one or more raised portions 112. When one ofthe plungers 108 rides over one of the raised portions 112 of theconcentric circle 104, the plunger 108 is pulled away from itsassociated pinch valve 46, 47, or 48, which will cause the associatedvalve 46, 47, or 48 to open.

Referring now to FIG. 47, a side view of the motor assembly 100 forcontrolling plungers 108 and 106 (i.e. pinch valve actuators) is shown,according to an exemplary embodiment. The heating elements 116 and thepogo pins 114 are associated with the fourth plunger 106. The fourthplunger 106 may actuate the heating elements 116 and pogo pins 114 whenit rides over the raised portion 112 of the cam plate 102, causing theheating elements 116 to contact both sides of the testing portion 42.The fourth plunger may also cause the pogo pins 114 to contact theelectrochemical sensors 57 of the cartridge 20. When the fourth plunger106 is actuated by the cam plate 102, the plunger 106 causes the heatingelements 116 to close on the assay cartridge 20, heating the fluid (e.g.fluid sample 39) within the testing portion 42.

Referring now to FIG. 48, the plunger 108 associated with the pinchvalve 46 for the assay cartridge 20 is isolated and shown, according toan exemplary embodiment. As the cam plate 102 rotates, the plunger 108rides along one of the concentric circles 104 on the cam plate 102. Whenthe device 10 is ready to test the fluid sample 39, the cam plate 102rotates until the raised portion 112 of the concentric circle 104 comesin contact with the plunger 108. The plunger 108 is then forced by theraised portion 112 to pull away from the pinch valve 46, causing thepinch valve 46 to open, allowing the fluid sample 39 to travel to thetesting portion 42.

Referring now to FIG. 49, the plungers 108 associated with the pinchvalves 47 and 48 for the calibration fluid and air, respectively, areisolated and shown, according to an exemplary embodiment. As the camplate 102 rotates, the plungers 108 ride along the concentric circles104. The plungers 108 are pulled away from the pinch valves 47 and 48 asthe cam plate 102 rotates to a predetermined position over the raisedportions 112. The plungers 108 are pulled away from the pinch valves 47and 48, causing the pinch valves 47 and 48 to open. Pinch valve 47 opensin order to send calibration fluid to the assay cartridge 20. Pinchvalve 48 opens in order to send air into the assay cartridge 20.

Referring now to FIG. 50, an isolated view of a motor assembly 100 and aplunger 108 for actuating an assay cartridge pinch valve 46 are shown,according to an exemplary embodiment. An alternative embodiment of theplunger 108 is also shown in FIG. 56. In exemplary embodiments, therotation of the cam plate 102 is also configured to eject the assaycartridge 20. The cam plate 102 is configured so that the plungers 108and 106 are actuated in a sequence that matches the testing sequence ofthe device 10. The locking rod 120 locks the cartridge 20 when thecartridge 20 is inserted. At the end of the sequence, the cam plate 102is configured to loosen the locking rod 120, releasing the cartridge 20.A pop up spring 118 at the bottom of the cartridge 20 pops up thecartridge 20, in exemplary embodiments, and is also used as arecognition mechanism for cartridge 20 insertion.

Referring now to FIG. 51, a perspective view of a motor assembly 100 forcontrolling plungers 108 and 106 (i.e. pinch valve actuators) is shown,according to an exemplary embodiment.

Referring now to FIG. 52, a perspective view of a motor assembly 100 forcontrolling plungers 108 and 106 (i.e. pinch valve actuators) is shown,according to an exemplary embodiment.

Referring now to FIGS. 53A-C, an L-shaped connector for the calibrationcartridge 30 is shown, according to an exemplary embodiment. TheL-shaped connector 122 is connected to the bottom of the fluid pack 54of the calibration cartridge 30, in exemplary embodiment. The L-shapedconnector 122 is configured to deliver calibration fluid from the fluidpack 54. The L-shaped connector 122 includes a nozzle 124 configured todeliver calibration fluid. The L-shaped connector also includes a fluidpack end 128 that fluidly connects the L-shaped connector 122 to thefluid pack 54. The L-shaped connector 122 also includes one or morewings 126 extending out from the connector 122. The wings 126 areintended to allow fluid to travel through the L-shaped connector 122when the pack is compressed.

As utilized herein, the terms “approximately,” “about,” “substantially,”and similar terms are intended to have a broad meaning in harmony withthe common and accepted usage by those of ordinary skill in the art towhich the subject matter of this disclosure pertains. It should beunderstood by those of skill in the art who review this disclosure thatthese terms are intended to allow a description of certain featuresdescribed and claimed without restricting the scope of these features tothe precise numerical ranges provided. Accordingly, these terms shouldbe interpreted as indicating that insubstantial or inconsequentialmodifications or alterations of the subject matter described and claimedare considered to be within the scope of the invention as recited in theappended claims.

It should be noted that the term “exemplary” as used herein to describevarious embodiments is intended to indicate that such embodiments arepossible examples, representations, and/or illustrations of possibleembodiments (and such term is not intended to connote that suchembodiments are necessarily extraordinary or superlative examples).

The terms “coupled,” “connected,” and the like as used herein mean thejoining of two members directly or indirectly to one another. Suchjoining may be stationary (e.g., permanent) or moveable (e.g., removableor releasable). Such joining may be achieved with the two members or thetwo members and any additional intermediate members being integrallyformed as a single unitary body with one another or with the two membersor the two members and any additional intermediate members beingattached to one another.

The construction and arrangement of the systems and methods forproviding the in vitro medical diagnostic device as shown in the variousexemplary embodiments is illustrative only. Although only a fewembodiments of the present inventions have been described in detail inthis disclosure, those skilled in the art who review this disclosurewill readily appreciate that many modifications are possible (e.g.,variations in sizes, dimensions, structures, shapes and proportions ofthe various elements, values of parameters, mounting arrangements, useof materials, colors, orientations, etc.) without materially departingfrom the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter disclosedherein. For example, elements shown as integrally formed may beconstructed of multiple parts or elements, the position of elements maybe reversed or otherwise varied, and the nature or number of discreteelements or positions may be altered or varied. Accordingly, all suchmodifications are intended to be included within the scope of thepresent invention as defined in the appended claims. The order orsequence of any process or method steps may be varied or re-sequencedaccording to alternative embodiments. Other substitutions,modifications, changes and omissions may be made in the design,operating conditions and arrangement of the various exemplaryembodiments without departing from the scope of the present inventions.

The diagnostic device is generally shown to include a processing circuitincluding memory. The processing circuit may include a processorimplemented as a general purpose processor, an application specificintegrated circuit (ASIC), one or more field programmable gate arrays(FPGAs), a group of processing components, or other suitable electronicprocessing components. Memory is one or more devices (e.g., RAM, ROM,Flash memory, hard disk storage, etc.) for storing data and/or computercode for completing and/or facilitating the various processes describedherein. Memory may be or include non-transient volatile memory ornon-volatile memory. Memory may include database components, object codecomponents, script components, or any other type of informationstructure for supporting the various activities and informationstructures described herein. Memory may be communicably connected to theprocessor and includes computer code modules for executing one or moreprocesses described herein.

What is claimed is:
 1. A diagnostic system, comprising: a removableassay cartridge comprising fluid paths and a plurality ofelectrochemical sensors; a removable calibration fluid cartridge; adiagnostic device having a housing and processing electronics forconducting the diagnostics within the housing; wherein the housingfurther comprises a first opening for receiving at least a portion ofthe removable assay cartridge and a second opening for receiving atleast a portion of the removable calibration fluid cartridge; whereinthe processing electronics of the diagnostic device receive signals fromthe electrochemical sensors, and the removable assay cartridge and theremovable calibration fluid cartridge engage for the communication offluid so that there is no fluid communication from the removable assaycartridge to any surface of the diagnostic device and no fluidcommunication from the removable calibration fluid cartridge to anysurface of the diagnostic device.
 2. The diagnostic system of claim 1 inwhich the removable assay cartridge includes a gas inlet or outlet; andwherein the diagnostic device includes a pumping system having an outletor inlet for engaging the gas inlet or outlet and for providing orremoving gas to and from the removable assay cartridge.
 3. Thediagnostic system of claim 1, further comprising a valve controlmechanism under control of the processing electronics and configured tocontrol the flow of fluid in the removable assay cartridge withouttouching the fluid in the removable assay cartridge.
 4. The diagnosticsystem of claim 3 in which the second opening comprises a calibrationcartridge port, and wherein the diagnostics device further comprises asecond valve control mechanism under control of the processingelectronics, the valve control mechanism configured to control the flowof fluid in the calibration cartridge when the calibration cartridge isinstalled in the calibration cartridge port.
 5. The diagnostic system ofclaim 1 in which the removable assay cartridge is at leastsemi-transparent and wherein the diagnostic device further comprises alight source caused to illuminate the semi-transparent material toindicate testing status.
 6. The diagnostic system of claim 4, furthercomprising a third valve control mechanism in which one or more valvescontrol a heating element configured to heat at least a portion of theremovable assay cartridge, and one or more valves control one or morepins configured to retain the removable assay cartridge within the assayport.
 7. A diagnostic device, comprising: a housing having an assay portfor receiving a removable assay cartridge; a circuit receiving data fromat least one electrochemical sensor on the removable assay cartridgewhen the removable assay cartridge is fully installed in the assay port;processing electronics configured to receive the data from the circuitand to conduct diagnostics using the received data; a valve controlmechanism under control of the processing electronics and configured tocontrol the flow of fluid in the removable assay cartridge withouttouching the fluid in the removable assay cartridge; wherein the housingfurther comprises a calibration cartridge port for receiving acalibration cartridge; and wherein the diagnostics device furthercomprises at least a second valve control mechanism under control of theprocessing electronics, the second valve control mechanism configured tocontrol the flow of fluid in the calibration cartridge when thecalibration cartridge is installed in the calibration cartridge port,and wherein the calibration fluid does not touch a surface of thediagnostic device during normal operation.
 8. The diagnostic device ofclaim 7 in which the removable assay cartridge further comprises one ormore electrochemical sensors under control of the processing electronicsand configured to detect the volume of fluid within the removable assaycartridge and control the flow of fluid in the removable assaycartridge.
 9. The diagnostic device of claim 7 in which the removableassay cartridge further comprises one or more overflow sensors undercontrol of the processing electronics and configured to detect anoverflow condition within the removable assay cartridge and to stopfluid flow to the removable assay cartridge upon detecting an overflowcondition.
 10. The diagnostic device of claim 7 in which the processingelectronics are further configured to automatically eject the cartridgefrom a seated position when the diagnostic testing cycle is determinedto be completed by the processing electronics.
 11. The diagnostic deviceof claim 7, further comprising heating elements within the housingpositioned to heat opposing sides of the removable assay cartridge whenthe assay cartridge is in a fully seated position, wherein theprocessing electronics cause the heating elements to heat, causing asubstantially constant temperature gradient to exist between the twoheating elements, and wherein the electrochemical sensor is positionedbetween the heating elements when the assay cartridge is in the fullyseated position.
 12. The diagnostic device of claim 11 in which theheating elements are heating plates biased to provide a level and securefit between each heating plate and the opposite surfaces of theremovable assay cartridge.
 13. The diagnostic device of claim 7 in whichthe removable assay cartridge is at least semi-transparent and whereinthe diagnostic device further comprises a light source caused toilluminate the semi-transparent material to indicate testing status. 14.The diagnostic device of claim 7, further comprising at least oneposition detector and wherein the processing electronics are configuredto track a position for the removable assay cartridge using informationfrom the at least one position detector.
 15. The diagnostic device ofclaim 7 in which the valve control mechanism is configured to control aheating element configured to heat at least a portion of the removableassay cartridge, and the valve control mechanism is configured tocontrol one or more pins configured to retain the removable assaycartridge within the assay port.
 16. A diagnostic device, comprising: ahousing having an assay port for receiving a removable assay cartridge;a circuit receiving data from at least one electrochemical sensor on theremovable assay cartridge when the removable assay cartridge is fullyinstalled in the assay port; processing electronics configured toreceive the data from the circuit and to conduct diagnostics using thereceived data, and wherein the processing electronics are furtherconfigured to automatically eject the cartridge from a seated positionwhen the diagnostic testing cycle is determined to be completed by theprocessing electronics; and a valve control mechanism under control ofthe processing electronics and configured to control the flow of fluidin the removable assay cartridge without touching the fluid in theremovable assay cartridge.